Direct speech Vs.
Indirect speech
Imperative sentences:
Imperative Sentence
(Order or Request)
Rules :
Rules :
·
Remove the quotation
mark in an Imperative sentence.
·
Use ‘to’ if it is an
affirmative sentence. (without don‘t)
·
Use ‘not to’ if the
sentence begins without Don‘t.
·
Don‘t use ‘that’
·
Omit the word
‘please’. Use the word ‘request’ instead of ‘say’.
·
If the direct speech
contains a request or a command, the reporting verb (say, said) change to tell,
request, order, command etc. In its correct tense.
1. “Don‘t talk in the class” said the teacher to
the boys. (D.S.)
The teacher advised the boys not to talk in the class. (I.S.)
2.“Please give me something to eat. I am hungry” the old man said to them. (D.S.)
The old man requested them to give him something to eat and said that he was hungry (I.S.)
3. “Be careful” said he to her. (D.S.)
He ordered her to be careful. (I.S.)
4. “Bring me a cup of tea” said Nelson to Andriya. (D.S.)
Nelson asked Andriya to bring him a cup of tea. (I.S.)
The teacher advised the boys not to talk in the class. (I.S.)
2.“Please give me something to eat. I am hungry” the old man said to them. (D.S.)
The old man requested them to give him something to eat and said that he was hungry (I.S.)
3. “Be careful” said he to her. (D.S.)
He ordered her to be careful. (I.S.)
4. “Bring me a cup of tea” said Nelson to Andriya. (D.S.)
Nelson asked Andriya to bring him a cup of tea. (I.S.)
In reporting an imperative sentence, the reporting
verb say or tell is changed into a verb expressing a command, advice or
request.
Command
|
command, order, bid, tell
|
Proposal
|
propose, suggest
|
Prohibition
|
forbid
|
Entreaty
|
entreat, pray, beg
|
Direct
Speech
|
The
Captain said, “Get ready to board the ship.”
|
Indirect
Speech
|
The
Captain commanded his sailors to get ready to board the ship.
|
Direct
Speech
|
Teacher
said to Jems, “Get out”
|
Indirect
Speech
|
Teacher
told Jems to get out.
|
Direct
Speech
|
The
Judge said to the culprit, “Tell me the truth.”
|
Indirect
Speech
|
The
Judge ordered the culprit to tell the truth.
|
Direct
Speech
|
Headmaster
said to the students, “Don’t copy in the examination”.
|
Indirect
Speech
|
Headmaster
asked the students not to copy in the examination.
|
(a) The
imperative mood is changed into the infinitive.
(b) ‘that’
is commonly not used. If it is used then instead of ‘to’, ‘should’ is placed
before the imperative.
(c) The
rules for the change of pronouns must be observed.
Direct
: She said to me, “Please give me your book.”
Indirect
: She requested me to give her my book.
Direct
: John said to his servant, “Go out at once.”
Indirect
: John ordered his servant to go out at once
Requests:
Please
- requested + whom + to + v
Direct
Speech
|
The
teacher said, “Please improve your knowledge.”
|
Indirect
Speech
|
The
teacher requested the student to improve his knowledge.
|
Direct
Speech
|
Robert
said to me, “Please post these letters”.
|
Indirect
Speech
|
Robert
requested me to post those letters.
|
Direct
Speech
|
Mother
said, “Please keep your room neat.”
|
Indirect
Speech
|
Mother
requested me to keep my room neat.
|
When ‘let’ in the direct speech expresses a proposal
or a suggestion, we may use ‘should’ and change the reporting verb to propose
or suggest.
Direct
: He said to me, “Let us have some tea.”
Indirect
: He proposed (or suggested) to me that we should have some tea.
When ‘let’ does not express a proposal, it should be
changed into might or might be allowed, or into some other verb, according to
the sense.
Direct
: He said, “Let me have some water.”
Indirect
: He wished that he might have some water.
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